Biography of Prophet Muhammad – A Timeless Journey of Truth, Mercy, and Peace

Around 1400 years ago, in the heart of the desert, a man was born who didn’t just change history—he redefined the very essence of humanity. His name brings peace to the heart: Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him).

He was an orphan—but he was infinite in love. His life was filled with hardships, yet those very struggles shaped him into the greatest role model the world has ever seen. When he said, “Speak the truth, even if it is bitter” (ولو كان مُرًّا), his voice carried a firmness that could humble mountains.

Today, many of us search for the meaning of life—we long for love, respect, and peace. But do we ever turn toward the life of the one who was the source of all these virtues?

In this brief biography, we will discover a remarkable man whose every step, every word still serves as a guide for us. You are not merely reading history—you are embarking on a soul-stirring journey that may transform your thoughts, spirit, and the direction of your life.

Brief Facts About the Life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

Subject	Details
Full Name	Muhammad ibn Abdullah
Date of Birth	570 CE, 12th Rabi’ al-Awwal (Some say 8th or 9th Rabi’ al-Awwal)
Place of Birth	Makkah, Hejaz (Present-day Saudi Arabia)
Date of Death	8 June 632 CE, 11 AH
Place of Death	Madinah, Hejaz (Present-day Saudi Arabia)
Father’s Name	Abdullah ibn Abdul Muttalib
Mother’s Name	Amina bint Wahab
Number of Wives	11
Names of Children	Qasim, Abdullah, Ibrahim, Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, Fatimah
Prophethood Received	In 610 CE, at the age of 40
First Revelation	In the Cave of Hira, through Angel Jibreel (A.S.): “Iqra” (Read)
Hijrah (Migration)	In 622 CE, from Makkah to Madinah (Beginning of Islamic Hijri calendar)
Farewell Hajj	10 AH, with the historic sermon at the plain of Arafat
Burial Place	Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (The Prophet’s Mosque), Madinah

From Nothing to Everything – The Beginning of an Extraordinary Journey

When a child is born into this world without a father, he doesn’t just represent loss—he becomes a symbol of hope.
In the year 570 CE, on a silent night, an unseen light seemed to spread across the skies of Makkah.
It was on that very night that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born.
Even before his birth, his father, Abdullah, had passed away.
As his mother Amina looked into the face of her newborn, she perhaps had no idea that this orphaned child would one day become the most trustworthy, wise, and peaceful messenger the world has ever known.

A Time of Social Turmoil – The Immoral Society of Arabia

At the time of his birth, Arabia was on the brink of complete moral collapse.
Women were devalued, and infant daughters were often buried alive.
The society was plagued by alcohol, gambling, slavery, and violent tribal conflicts.
It was into this deeply misguided world that a child was born—one who would rise to restore humanity’s true identity and dignity.

Innocent Eyes Witness Injustice for the First Time

In young Muhammad’s innocent eyes, a brutal picture of injustice unfolded—
Perhaps one day, he saw a baby girl being buried beneath stones…
Or an oppressed soul being humiliated solely because of their lineage.
It was then, in that tender heart, that the first question arose:
“Is this what humanity is meant to be?”

The Journey of a Great Man Begins from Nothing

From that very day, a profound spiritual journey began.
The heart of a child started seeking peace, silently vowing—
“One day, this society must change.”
Thus began the extraordinary life of a great man.
He started from nothing, yet his vision reached the skies.

Young Muhammad: When a Man Was Preparing to Change the World

The preparation to change the world begins when a person remains firm in his self-confidence, integrity, and ideals.
Young Muhammad (PBUH) was such a person, who not only earned respect in the commercial society of Mecca but also followed the path of truth and justice in every step of his life.

His Integrity, Business Ethics, and the Title of “Al-Amin”

The story of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)’s integrity and business ethics is not just an ideal of his time but remains an example even today.
After the death of his father, the young Muhammad (PBUH) began his business career. His honesty, dedication, and discipline were so renowned that the people of Mecca bestowed upon him the title of ‘Al-Amin’ (The Trustworthy). Through this, he not only gained respect in the business world but also became a symbol of trust for others.

The Story of Love, Trust, and Respect with Khadijah (RA)

And then came the most important relationship of his life.
In the life of the young Muhammad (PBUH), a noble woman named Khadijah (RA) entered. Khadijah (RA) was a wealthy and successful businesswoman, and upon witnessing the honesty of Muhammad (PBUH), she developed deep respect for him.
Their relationship was built on trust, respect, and love.
For the young Muhammad (PBUH), this marked the beginning of a new path—one of love, trust, and a strong partnership.

What Today’s Youth Can Learn from This

The life of young Muhammad (PBUH) holds countless lessons for us.
His honesty, hard work, and unwavering faith remain a source of inspiration even today.
For the younger generation, this is not merely history—it is a way of life, one that can guide them on the path of sincerity, justice, and humanity.

Solitude in the Cave: The Night That Changed History

It was a night—a silent night—that altered the course of history.
Muhammad (PBUH), still a young man, would retreat alone to the Cave of Hira, seeking peace and deep reflection, far from the chaos of the world.
But within the depths of that cave lay a divine mystery—on one fateful night, he was chosen to show the world a new path.

The Silent Night of the Cave of Hira

Within the Cave of Hira, there was darkness, peace, and solitude—this was the place of Muhammad’s (PBUH) meditation.
In the silent atmosphere of the cave, he immersed himself in spiritual reflection.
Then, on one such night, as he sought peace amid the heat and pressure of the world, he was entrusted with a divine message.

The First Revelation: “Iqra” — Read!

“Iqra” (Read!)—this was the very first message that stirred the heart of Muhammad (PBUH), a message destined to illuminate the world with a new light.
It was a divine inspiration from the Creator—an explicit command that mankind must approach knowledge with an open mind.
A thirst awakened in Muhammad’s (PBUH) heart—one driven by an unseen purpose that would transform his life forever.

Muhammad’s (PBUH) Fear, Sweat, and Trembling Heart

After the first revelation, the state of Muhammad’s (PBUH) heart was indescribable—he was torn between fear and an overwhelming, unfamiliar feeling.
Such moments are rare in the history of humanity, when a person finds themselves face-to-face with an unseen power.
Muhammad (PBUH) was struck with fear; his heart trembled, and sweat covered his entire body.
Yet, that very fear became the force that made him courageous.

Let the Reader Feel the Tremor of That Night

At the moment Muhammad (PBUH) received the very first revelation, the pain, restlessness, and explosion of emotions within him were profound—so much so that the reader should be able to feel it in their heart.
The tremor coursed through every vein in his body, and his soul began to grasp more deeply that the world was about to change forever.

A Lone Traveler – Opposition and Persecution in Makkah

• When Muhammad (PBUH) began preaching Islam, he walked alone—through boundless pain and hardship.
• A Prophet who moved forward with courage on the path of truth and justice, yet the road ahead was shadowed in darkness.
• In Makkah, he faced fierce opposition, mockery, and relentless physical and emotional persecution.
• But even in this storm of cruelty, a few noble souls stood by his side—offering compassion, courage, and strength during the most trying times.

Those Who Stood Beside Him: Abu Bakr, Ali, and Khadijah

Standing beside Muhammad (PBUH) were a few remarkable companions who offered unwavering support in times of great trial.
Abu Bakr (RA), his most loyal friend, stood by him not only in belief but with steadfast devotion.
Ali (RA), a young yet brave member of his family, offered strength and sacrifice.
And Khadijah (RA), a noble wife, stood as a pillar of love and faith during the most critical moments of his life.
These great souls exemplified what it means to support truth with courage—a shining testament to love for humanity.

A Fierce Opponent: Abu Lahab, the Uncle

Yet alongside the support, there was also fierce opposition—foremost among them was the Prophet’s own uncle, Abu Lahab.
He harbored deep hostility, not only toward Islam but toward his own nephew, driven by pride and arrogance.
His enmity took many forms: cruel mockery, public humiliation, and relentless abuse.
But despite his aggression, he could not stand as a true obstacle on the Prophet’s path.
The light of truth continued to shine, undeterred by the darkness of hatred.

The Blood-Stained Feet: A Tale to Make Hearts Weep

It was a journey of sorrow, suffering, and unbearable pain.
The expedition to Ta’if stands as one of the most tragic chapters in the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
When he went to invite the people of Ta’if to Islam, he was met not with kindness, but with brutal hostility.
Stones were hurled at him; his blessed feet were soaked in blood.
Yet, amidst that pain, he remained steadfast on the path of truth.
This story is one that pierces the heart—just as his feet were pierced by stones, the reader’s soul cannot help but ache.

When Refuge Led to Light: Medina and the First Islamic Society

One of the most significant chapters in the life of Muhammad (PBUH) was the Hijrah—a story of a new beginning, not only of suffering but also of hope and possibilities.
After reaching Medina, the Prophet (PBUH) and his followers not only found physical safety but also began to follow the path of light. It was a milestone in the establishment of an Islamic society, where a new community was formed based on peace of mind and social justice.

Hijrah: Not a Story of Suffering, But a Story of New Dreams

The Hijrah was not merely a sorrowful experience—it was a journey towards new dreams.
As Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers embarked on the Hijrah towards Medina, they faced not only physical dangers but also took a spiritual and social step—a rise of a new society. Upon reaching Medina, a new beginning lay ahead, one that would be built on the principles of Islam.

An Exemplification of Brotherhood

For the first time in the society of Medina, the concept of Islamic brotherhood was implemented— a society where, beyond the label of ‘Muslim,’ everyone accepted each other like brothers.
Muhammad (PBUH) established strong bonds among the companions who had migrated from Mecca. In Medina, an unparalleled brotherhood developed between the Muhajirun (migrants from Mecca) and the Ansar (residents of Medina).

The Constitution of Medina and Administrative Vision

The Constitution of Medina was an unparalleled example of political and administrative foresight.
Muhammad (PBUH) created a constitution to establish peace among the various tribes and communities of Medina, which today serves as a fundamental guide for modern states. This historical agreement outlined the rights, responsibilities, and roles of all citizens, contributing to the organization of society.

What Kind of Ruler Was He? A Lesson for Today’s Politicians

Muhammad (PBUH) ruled with a blend of justice and compassion—he was a leader who worked for the service and welfare of his people.
His reign was a perfect example of an ideal governance system. He established a society based on justice, equality, and empathy for his followers, which serves as an educational model for today’s politicians. His rule was grounded in justice, and while he sometimes made tough but correct decisions, it was always to ensure peace in society.

Not War, but the Story of Self-Defense

Muhammad (PBUH) experienced many battles in his life, but these battles were not about aggression; they were stories of self-defense and the establishment of justice.
In the early days of Islam, Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers were victims of persecution by the disbelievers of Makkah. However, their battles were never about offensive conquest; they were struggles to establish justice, where mercy, self-defense, and strategy were the key elements.

The Realistic Explanation of Badr, Uhud, and the Battle of the Trench (Khandaq)

These three battles hold significant places in Islamic history, but they were not just wars; they were spiritually and morally important events.
The Battle of Badr was the first major victory in Islam, where the Muslims were remarkably victorious, even though their army was relatively small. The Battle of Uhud and the Battle of the Trench (Khandaq) were also significant, where the Muslims fought for self-defense and peace. Although these battles were difficult, they strengthened the overall mission of Islam.

Mental State During War – Compassion and Strategy

In the battlefield, the morale and strategy of Muhammad (PBUH) were extraordinary. He never sought victory through oppression, but instead showed compassion towards people even during war.
The ethics and heartwarming decisions of Muhammad (PBUH) were an essential part of his mental state during wartime. Even in the midst of battle, he never hesitated to demonstrate strategy and compromise towards his enemies.

Victory of Makkah Without Shedding a Drop of Blood – How?

During the conquest of Makkah, Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers demonstrated extraordinary humanity – they conquered Makkah without a war.
In the victory of Makkah, Muhammad (PBUH) achieved the conquest of the city without any bloodshed, which proved his greatness and compassionate nature. He forgave everyone and established his governance with the aim of creating a peaceful environment for the new society.

Farewell Hajj: The Final Declaration for Humanity

The Farewell Hajj of Muhammad (PBUH) was his final pilgrimage, a priceless gift not only for Muslims but for all of humanity.
During this time, he delivered the most important speech of his life, which remains a guiding light for humanity. In his Farewell Sermon, he conveyed messages about fundamental human rights, the values of justice, and equality, which continue to be invaluable in societies around the world today.

Quote from the Farewell Sermon (Universal Message): “There is no superiority of an Arab over a non-Arab…”

This was one of his most powerful messages, a universal call for all of humanity.
“There is no superiority of an Arab over a non-Arab, and there is no superiority of a white person over a black person. The most honorable among you in the sight of Allah is the one who is the most righteous.” – This was the essence of his speech, where he denied classism, racism, and ethnic superiority, and established a new concept of equality for the world.

Respect for Women and the Rights of the Poor

In his speech, Muhammad (S.A.W.) placed great emphasis on the rights of women and the protection of the poor.
He said, “Treat women with kindness, for they are your partners in life.” Through this, he highlighted the importance of respect and honor for women. Similarly, his call for the rights of the poor was clear—everyone should be granted equal rights for social justice.

What Can Today’s Society Learn from This Speech?

This speech carries a valuable lesson for us, which has become even more significant in today’s society.
In a world where division, inequality, and injustice often prevail, the farewell sermon of Muhammad (S.A.W.) teaches us that human rights, equality, respect, and compassion are essential for building the best relationships among each other. His speech serves as an eternal source of wisdom for all nations, religions, and races across the world.

Death: The Final Departure of a Great Man

The death of Muhammad (S.A.W.) was a moment of deep sorrow, not just for his followers, but for all of humanity. His departure teaches us that living a righteous life and working for the welfare of humanity does not end with death; rather, it remains an eternal source of inspiration for us all.

The Passing Away of Muhammad (S.A.W.) in Ayesha’s (R.A.) Lap

The death of Muhammad (S.A.W.) took place in the lap of his beloved wife, Ayesha (R.A.), a deeply touching moment. As he neared his end, Ayesha (R.A.) was by his side during his final moments. She held his head in her hands, and the last smile on Muhammad’s (S.A.W.) face was a symbol of peace and spirituality. His death marked a peaceful conclusion, leading him to eternal rest after a life filled with struggles and challenges.

The Reaction of the Companions (Sahabah)

The death of Muhammad (S.A.W.) left the companions (Sahabah) in profound sorrow and disbelief. The Sahabah were a source of inspiration, living their lives by following the teachings of Muhammad (S.A.W.). Upon hearing the news of his death, a wave of grief swept through them. Even Umar (R.A.), a prominent companion, remarked, “As long as I am not certain that Muhammad (S.A.W.) has passed away, I cannot believe that he has died.” Such reactions reflect the immense impact and depth of his life and legacy.

Some Final Words at the Time of Death That Will Stir the Reader

In the final moments of Muhammad (S.A.W.), his last words were a priceless source of wisdom for all of us.

He said, “O Allah, forgive my family, and forgive my Muslim Ummah.” These words reflected his profound love and compassion, which continue to serve as a great lesson for us today. After his death, his teachings spread across the world, and his influence remains timeless, continuing to inspire countless people around the globe.

A Life That Changed History

The life of Muhammad (S.A.W.) is not confined to the pages of history; it is a guiding light for every Muslim’s life. Each moment of his life holds lessons that not only carry historical significance but also serve as a direction for our everyday lives. His teachings continue to shape our actions, decisions, and our understanding of justice, compassion, and spirituality.

The Author’s Personal Reflection

“When I walk through each step of his life, my heart becomes purified…”
In every step of his life, there was a message of purity. When I reflect on the journey of Muhammad (S.A.W.), I realize how crucial his teachings and ideals are in our present lives. In every action, he embodied humanity, kindness, truth, and justice. In my own life, whenever I try to walk the path of truth as he did, my heart too becomes clearer.

How His Life Can Guide Us in the Modern Era

In today’s modern era, where people are becoming increasingly disconnected from one another, the life of Muhammad (S.A.W.) teaches us the values of togetherness and equality. His example shows us how to walk the path of compassion, justice, and truth. Even today, our society faces turmoil and division, but the life of Muhammad (S.A.W.) offers a powerful message for us to practically apply in our lives. Just as he was a teacher for people from all walks of life, the significance of his teachings remains crucial in our society today.

Practical Lessons for the Youth

Today’s youth often find themselves in confusion, but the life of Muhammad (S.A.W.) can serve as an invaluable guidebook for them. He taught young people how to fulfill the purpose of life, how to remain steadfast in their moral values, and most importantly, how to help others while maintaining self-respect and confidence. The greatest lesson for youth from his life is: “One must not only live for self-preservation but dedicate one’s life to the welfare of society as well.”

Frequently Asked Questions